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André Dreiding
André S. Dreiding (22 June 1919 in Zürich – 24 December 2013〔(André S. Dreiding June 22, 1919 – December 24, 2013 ), accessed 2014-01-11〕 in Herrliberg near Zurich) was a Swiss chemist.〔(University of Zurich, Institute of Organic Chemistry: André S. Dreiding ), accessed 2010-07-22〕 He finished his high school studies in Zürich and then studied at Columbia University in New York where he was awarded BS and MS degrees. After two years as research assistant at Hoffmann-La Roche, he continued postgraduate studies at University of Michigan in Ann Arbor under professor Werner Emmanuel Bachmann, and was awarded his Ph.D. in 1947. He remained at the university until 1949 as Rackham and Lloyd Postdoctoral Fellow. From 1949 to 1954, Dreiding was assistant professor at Wayne University, Detroit Institute of Cancer Research. He also temporarily took over Bachmann's teaching and research duties at the University of Michigan after Bachmann's death in 1951, and held them until 1952. In 1954, Dreiding turned to Switzerland and University of Zurich, where he became professor, and stayed until his retirement in 1987, after which he has been emeritus professor.
== Dreiding Stereomodels ==
In 1958, Dreiding invented a molecular model used primarily in stereochemistry, named the ''Dreiding Stereomodel''.〔 It was a so-called skeletal model, which consisted of slim stainless steel tubes and rods. Unlike the older ball-and-stick models, the atoms were not represented by a ball, but rather by the point of intersection of the steel tubes.〔(Science Museum: Set of Dreiding Stereomodels )〕〔(Aldrich Technical Bulletin AL-199: Dreiding Stereomodels )〕 The intersection area was painted with a color to indicate the identity of the atom. As the tubes represented the bonds, the model focused on the geometry of the bonds between atoms rather than the atoms themselves. The Dreiding Stereomodel was not the first skeletal model, but was the first to do away with the connectors that had been used in e.g. John Kendrew's earlier protein models. Instead, the Dreiding Stereomodels used a valency of the bonds/steel tubes to facilitate connections; they were either a hollow tube or a slightly narrower solid rod, which fit into the tube. A tube not connected to another tube represented a hydrogen atom, and the bond from the other atom (for example carbon, oxygen or nitrogen) to the hydrogen atoms. This gave the Dreiding Stereomodels a very neat look, and made the assembly much quicker than for earlier skeletal models. They were also quite precise in representing the molecular geometry, so they could be used to determine inter-atomic distances and angles by rulers.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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